Deep Research Report // February 2026

CKD Partnership
Analysis

Chinese OEM & Tier 1 Supplier Capability Assessment for CKD Partnership in the Russia/CIS Automotive Market

Scope 6 OEMs + 7 Tier 1 Suppliers
Fields 38 structured per company
Method 13 independent research agents
Multi-source web intelligence
Data 408 KB structured JSON
Market Russia / CIS / EAEU
Top 3 Ranked Partners
#1
PATEO Connect+
Smart Cockpit · 8/10
#2
Rox Motor
OEM EREV · 7/10
#3
BAW
OEM CKD · 7/10
Slide 02 / 14

Key Findings Overview

13
Companies Researched
6 OEMs + 7 Tier 1 Suppliers
38
Fields Per Company
Technology, finance, export, risk
3
Recommended Actions
Tiered strategic priority
Immediate Priority: BAW + Rox Motor alliance — BAW provides CKD logistics infrastructure, Rox Motor provides EREV technology.
Tier 1 Must-Haves: PATEO (cockpit localization) + Neusoft (ERA-GLONASS) + Bethel (braking).
Opportunistic: Monitor Dayun restructuring for BHD 800V platform acquisition at favorable terms.
Complete Ranking
#CompanyCategoryScoreKey Strength
1PATEO Connect+Tier 1 — Cockpit8/10Ecosystem localization capability
2Rox MotorOEM7/10EREV ideal for cold climate, proven export
3BAWOEM7/10Russia SKD experience, simple products
4Bethel AutomotiveTier 1 — Braking7/10One-Box CKD-friendly braking
5Neusoft GroupTier 1 — Telematics7/10ERA-GLONASS compliance capability
6Skyworth AutoOEM6.5/10Proven CKD in Indonesia/India/Turkey
7Farasis EnergyTier 1 — Battery5.5/10SPS cold-weather battery tech
8BWI GroupTier 1 — Suspension5/10MagneRide monopoly technology
9Haima AutoOEM5/10EX-00 ride-hailing niche
10Wanan TechnologyTier 1 — Chassis/Braking6/10CV braking leader, subframe + caliper for NEV
11Tongyu AutoTier 1 — Chassis5/10Bosch iBooster replacement
12Dayun / YuanhangOEM3/10Financial crisis (800V tech)
13SinogoldOEM3/10Defunct — asset only
Slide 03 / 14

OEM Comparative Matrix

Multi-dimensional scoring across 8 criteria, weighted by CKD relevance

Rox Motor
极石汽车 · Shanghai
7
Strong Candidate
Technology
8
Finance
7
Export
9
Cold Climate
9
Russia
2
EREV 1,362km range · 90%+ export sales · W Motors CKD in UAE
BAW
北汽制造 · Qingdao
7
Fastest Path
Technology
5
Finance
7
CKD Exp.
8
Russia
8
Flexibility
8
Bryansk SKD operational · 200K capacity · Fortune 500 parent
Skyworth Auto
创维汽车 · Nanjing · 40,000+ employees
6.5
Viable Candidate
Technology
7
Export
8
CKD Exp.
9
Russia
6
Finance
5
Tech: CE Platform 800V, CTC Body, Health Cockpit, BYD DM-i, 800V+4C charging
Products: EV6/BE11, HT-i (PHEV), Skyhome, Hongtu van
CKD/SKD: Indonesia (Polytron 30K/yr) · Turkey (Ulubaslar 150K/yr) · India (Kaly Emotors)
Russia: ET5 SUV on sale since Nov 2022 (4.48-4.98M RUB) · Skyhome planned
Risk: Sales declined ~30K→12-15K, Elaris insolvency, CTC complicates CKD
Haima Auto Niche
Score: 5/10 · EX-00 ride-hailing · -60% YoY sales decline
Dayun / Yuanhang High Risk
Score: 3/10 · 800V tech but financial collapse · Monitor only
Sinogold Auto Defunct
Score: 3/10 · Not operational · Factory asset acquisition only
Slide 04 / 14

Rox Motor / 极石汽车

Strong Candidate CKD Score: 7/10
Company
FounderChang Jing (Roborock CEO)
HQShanghai
Founded2021
Valuation~14B RMB
Employees~1,200
MfgContract via BAW (Qingdao)
2025 Sales15,318 units (3x YoY)
Technology
PowertrainEREV 1.5T Xinchen
Range1,115-1,362 km
Motor350kW / 740Nm dual
ChassisFull-aluminum subframes
Off-Road700mm wading, DCC 7 modes
ADASDual Orin-X, LiDAR
DesignPininfarina
Product Range
ModelTypeRangePrice (CN)
ROX 01EREV SUV1,115-1,362km299,900-359,900
ROX ADAMASFlagship EREV1,362km349,900-998,800
Cold Climate Advantage
• Range extender waste heat for cabin
• Dedicated Snow driving mode
• 70L fuel tank: 1,362km combined
• AWD dual motors for traction
• Already in Kazakhstan (-30°C)
Export Readiness
90%+ sales from exports
• Present in ~30 markets
• W Motors Abu Dhabi CKD/SKD
• UAE police/official vehicle
• Weiqiao $1B investment
Key Investors
Xiaomi · Tencent · IDG Capital · Sequoia · Coatue · Northern Light VC · Qiming Venture · Weiqiao ($1B)
Risk Factors
• Very young company (founded 2021)
• NVIDIA Orin-X chip dependency
• Single product line (ROX 01/ADAMAS)
• Founder divided: Roborock + ROX
• No Russia/CIS presence yet
Recommendation
CBU via Kazakhstan (EAEU corridor) first, then CKD kit supply. Replace NVIDIA chips with Horizon Robotics. Timeline: 18-30 months
Slide 05 / 14

BAW / 北汽制造

Fastest Path CKD Score: 7/10
Company
HQQingdao
Founded1951
ParentWeiqiao F500 #166
Employees8,000+
2024 Sales20,320 (+155%)
Manufacturing
Capacity200,000 units/yr
Utilization~10%
BIQ Level4 (GM-derived)
Automation78%, 306 robots
Precision±0.5mm
Product Range
ModelTypePowertrainPrice
212 T01Off-road SUV2.0T+8AT+4WDFrom 100K
Wangpai M7MPV/Van1.6L/2.0LFrom 100K
E-M7Electric MPVLFP 41-81kWhFrom 129.8K
Ruisheng M8EREV MPV1.5T+170kWTBD (2025)
WarriorMilitary SUVVariousGov/Mil
Russia Presence (Existing)
BN-Motors Bryansk SKD
  Operational since Aug 2023
• Official brand entry: Q3 2025
• MPV from 2,495,000 RUB
• Final certification stage
• NEXUS Automotive Russia member
Weiqiao Group Backing
• Fortune Global 500 #166
• China Hongqiao: ~130B RMB rev
• World's largest aluminum producer
• 500K-unit NEV base committed
Recommendation
Expand Bryansk SKD to full CKD. Simple body-on-frame products ideal for initial CKD. Massive excess capacity ensures motivated partnership. Timeline: 6-12 months
Slide 06 / 14

Tier 1 Supplier Scoring

7 specialized Tier 1 suppliers evaluated across technology, CKD compatibility, and geopolitical risk

PATEO
8/10 — Cockpit
Bethel
7/10 — Braking
Neusoft
7/10 — Telematics
Wanan
6/10 — Chassis
Farasis
5.5/10 — Battery
BWI Group
5/10 — Suspension
Tongyu
5/10 — Chassis
Tier 1 Comparison Highlights
Best TechBWI (10)
Best CKDPATEO / Bethel (9)
Best ColdFarasis / BWI (9)
Best ComplianceNeusoft (8)
Best FinanceBethel (8)
Low Geo RiskTongyu (9)
Key Insight
No single Tier 1 covers all needs. The recommended approach is a multi-supplier alliance combining:

PATEO (cockpit localization) +
Neusoft (ERA-GLONASS mandatory compliance) +
Bethel (CKD-friendly braking)
Slide 07 / 14

PATEO Connect+

Highest Score CKD Score: 8/10
Company
HQShanghai
Founded2009
ListedHKEX: 2889
Market Share#2 NEV Cockpit
Patents6,692 IP
Core Tech
SoCSnapdragon 8295P
OSBlackBerry QNX
StackHW+SW+Cloud
MiddlewareEcosystem swap
OEMsFAW, Dongfeng...
Key Differentiator: PATEO's middleware layer can strip Chinese ecosystem (Gaode, QQ Music, WeChat, Baidu) and integrate Russian ecosystem (Yandex Navi, Yandex Music, VK, Alice) — creating a truly native cockpit experience.
Russia Localization
Strip
Gaode Maps · QQ Music · WeChat · Baidu Voice
Integrate
Yandex Navi · Yandex Music · VK · Alice Voice
Chip Alternatives
PrimaryAlt 1Alt 2
Qualcomm 8295PMediaTek MT8678SemiDrive X9
Recommendation
Engage through existing OEM customers (FAW, Dongfeng, Changan) who already export to Russia. Cockpit domain controllers are naturally CKD-friendly.
Timeline: 6-9 months
Slide 08 / 14

Critical Tier 1 Partners

Bethel Automotive
7/10
伯特利 · Wuhu, Anhui · SSE: 603596
Revenue: 9.94B RMB (+33% YoY) · 5,300 employees
WCBS One-Box Braking
• China's first mass-produced One-Box system
• 2M units/year capacity
• <150ms pressure buildup for AEB
• Reduced hydraulic connections
• Simplified CKD assembly
EMB (Next-Gen)
• Fully dry: no brake fluid
• Eliminates fluid viscosity at -40°C
• ASIL-D safety, ≤100ms response
• 2nd mass-production project won Nov 2025
International Presence
Mexico factory (Saltillo): $450M contract
• Serving GM, Ford, Stellantis
17 manufacturing bases (China + Mexico)
Global OEM: Tesla, VW, BMW, Toyota, GM, Ford
Neusoft Group
7/10
东软集团 · Shenyang · SSE: 600718
Revenue: 11.56B RMB · 18,000+ employees
T-Box & Connectivity
• #1 Chinese T-Box supplier, Top 3 globally
• 5 generations, 100+ vehicle models
• China's first 5G SRRC certified T-Box
• NeuSAR AUTOSAR: 3M+ deployed
• S-Car cybersecurity solution
ERA-GLONASS (Critical)
Russia mandates ERA-GLONASS for all vehicles.
• European eCall compliance experience
• Adaptation est. 6-12 months
• Turnkey ERA-GLONASS compliant T-Box
Certs: ISO/SAE 21434, TISAX AL3, A-SPICE CL3, ISO 26262
Slide 09 / 14

Supporting Tier 1 Suppliers

Farasis Energy
5.5
孚能科技 · Battery
• SPS: moduleless pouch design
• >220 Wh/kg system density
• Tested to -30°C
• Turkey PACK JV operational
• Solid-state roadmap
Risk: Mercedes equity exposure, SOE since 2025
BWI Group
5
京西重工 · Suspension
• MagneRide: world monopoly
• -30°C to 105°C range
• 11M+ units, 100+ vehicles
• Ferrari, Lambo, Cadillac
• EMB planned 2026
Risk: Heavy Western revenue, Parker Hannifin MR fluid
Tongyu Auto
5
同驭汽车 · Wire-Controlled
• EHB: 500K+ mass-produced
• iEHB One-Box braking
• 20-40% lower vs Bosch
• SBW steer-by-wire
• 80+ OEM customers
Risk: Small scale, no intl experience
Wanan Tech
6
万安科技 · SZSE: 002590 · Rev 4.34B RMB
• CV pneumatic ABS/EBS/AEBS leader
• Subframes: 1.35B (33.84%, +31% YoY)
• Aluminum calipers: 9.8B lifecycle contract
• Pneumatic: 1.18B (29.66%)
• Hydraulic: 947M (23.78%)
Customers: BYD, NIO, Li Auto, XPeng, Xiaomi, Leapmotor, FAW-VW, Volvo
Plants: Zhuji, Hefei, Liuzhou, Changchun, Wuhan, Hungary R&D, Morocco JV
CKD: Subframes bolt-on, calipers pre-assembled, 15-25% lower vs Benteler/Magna
Thin margins (8.38% gross), AR 644.5% of net profit
Opportunity: KAMAZ/GAZ direct supply (replacing Wabco/Knorr-Bremse)
Slide 10 / 14

OEM Scoring Matrix

8 criteria scored 1-10, each cell color-coded by performance tier

CriterionDayun (3)Rox (7)BAW (7)Skyworth (6.5)Haima (5)Sinogold (3)
Technology985753
Financial Health277531
Export Readiness397841
CKD Experience168941
Russia Presence128630
Cold Climate796523
Geo Risk (low=good)878868
Flexibility788772

Tier 1 Scoring Matrix

CriterionFarasis (5.5)Bethel (7)BWI (5)PATEO (8)Neusoft (7)Tongyu (5)Wanan (6)
Technology98109877
Financial Health5844656
CKD Compatibility8939878
Cold Climate9795556
Russia Compliance3315812
Geo Risk (low=good)5647898
Export Experience7875625
Slide 11 / 14

Tiered Action Plan

Tier 1 Priority
Immediate Action
BAW
Primary CKD OEM
Expand Bryansk SKD to full CKD
Add 212 T01 and M7 models
6-12 months
PATEO
Cockpit Localization
Yandex/VK/Alice ecosystem
integration for Russian cockpit
6-9 months
Neusoft
ERA-GLONASS Compliance
Commission turnkey T-Box
module development
9-12 months
Tier 2 Priority
Near-Term Development
Rox Motor
Premium EREV OEM
12-24 mo
Bethel
WCBS Braking system
12-18 mo
Wanan Tech
Subframes + Calipers + CV
12-18 mo
Farasis
Battery PACK line in RU
18-24 mo
Tier 3 Priority
Opportunistic / Long-Term
Skyworth
Secondary OEM · Indonesia template · 12-18 mo
Dayun
BHD 800V IP acquisition · 18-30 mo
Tongyu
Bosch brake alternative · 12-18 mo
Slide 12 / 14

Recommended Alliance Architecture

Primary Alliance
OEM
BAW
Vehicles
OEM
Rox Motor
EREV Tech
Cockpit
PATEO
Localization
Telematics
Neusoft
ERA-GLONASS
Braking
Bethel
WCBS One-Box
Chassis
Wanan
Subframes
Battery
Farasis
PACK Line
Secondary Options
Skyworth
B2B fleet vehicles
Tongyu
Brake backup
Wanan CV
KAMAZ/GAZ supply
Opportunistic
Dayun BHD 800V Platform IP
If restructuring fails — acquire at distressed pricing
Slide 13 / 14

Geopolitical Risk Matrix

CompanyUS/EU ExposureListedSanctions RiskOverall
BAWNonePrivateLowLow
NeusoftNone significantSSELowLow
Wanan TechnologyMinimalSZSELowLow
Rox MotorNVIDIA chips, Western VCsPrivateLow-ModLow-Moderate
SkyworthEU market ambitionsHKEX (parent)Low-ModLow-Moderate
PATEOQualcomm chipsHKEXLow-ModLow-Moderate
DayunBosch, Huawei, QualcommPrivateLow-ModLow-Moderate
BethelTesla, VW, BMW, GM, FordSSEModerateModerate
FarasisMercedes equity, US R&DSSEModerateModerate
BWI GroupMajor Western revenueHKEXHighHigh
Supply Chain De-Risking
Qualcomm chip restrictions
PATEO to qualify MediaTek / SemiDrive alternatives
Bosch brake dependency
Bethel WCBS or Tongyu EHB as replacements
NVIDIA ADAS controls
Horizon Robotics Journey series for Russia units
Western battery scrutiny
Farasis PACK line in Russia for local content
ERA-GLONASS compliance
Neusoft turnkey T-Box solution
Slide 14 / 14
Action Summary

Build the Alliance.
Enter the Market.

6-12
Months
BAW CKD expansion
PATEO cockpit integration
12-24
Months
Rox Motor EREV launch
Bethel + Wanan supply
18-30
Months
Full alliance operational
Farasis PACK line in RU
Primary Alliance: BAW (vehicles) + Rox Motor (EREV tech) + PATEO (cockpit) + Neusoft (telematics) + Bethel (braking) + Wanan (chassis) + Farasis (battery)

Data Foundation: 13 companies · 38 fields each · 408 KB structured JSON · Multi-agent deep research
Report generated through multi-agent deep research system · February 2026
Fields marked [uncertain] in source JSON indicate areas where verification is recommended
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